There seems to be only one government laboratory involved in the development of aqueous foam technology. Sandia National Laboratories, over the years, has been involved with foam applications related to military, defense, and law enforcement, as well as general physical properties of foam.

Drotning, W.D., et al, "Thermal Conductivity of Foam,"
NTIS Report DE 82016409, May, 1982.

Peter Rand has been the principal investigator on many of the Sandia projects, and he now has his own consulting company, Innovative Technology, 2109 White Cloud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112, telephone, 505-299-1048, fax, 505-332-2464.  He can be contacted via e-mail. 

More recently Sandia has published some theoretical foam work:

Kraynik, A.M., "Structure of Random Monodisperse Foam,"
Physical Review E, 67, 031403 (2003)

See references to Sandia's work on the Military, Defense, Law page on this site.

The Air Force was recently granted a patent describing the technology for producing foams from pitch, with the specific interest being the foamed, or porous, carbon obtained after heating.

Kearns, K.M., U.S. Patent 5,868,974, February 9, 1999
Process for Preparing Pitch Foams

Kearns, K.M., U.S. Patent 5,961,814, October 5, 1999
Pitch Foam Products

This was followed by another government based carbon foam patent issued to Lockheed Martin for work done at Oak Ridge

Klett, J. W., U.S. Patent 6,033,506, March 7, 2000
Process for Making Carbon Foam

This technology has been licensed and commercialized by Poco Graphite, Inc., Decatur, TX, 940-393-4462, main contact is Patrick Lloyd.  A press release from Oak Ridge national Laboratory outlines the circumstances.

There are some background patents on the same subject:

Bonzom, A., U.S. Patent 4,276,246, June 30, 1981
Process for Preparing Pitch Foams and Products so Produced

Arnold, C., U.S. Patent 4,832,881, May 23, 1989
Low Density Microcellular Carbon Foams and Method of Preparation